Conflict - Do I need to report to my lender client or not?

 

Friday, 13 May 2016

The scope for conflict in a conveyancing transaction when acting for a buyer and the buyer’s lender is extensive and is often overlooked by busy practitioners.

It is clear from the Court of Appeal decision in Mortgage Express Limited v Bowerman & Partners [1995] The Times, 1 August that in circumstances where a conveyancer acts for both the borrower and lender in the course of a residential conveyancing transaction, although the conveyancer’s implied duty extends beyond referring matters of title to the lender, the duty only extends to disclosing information that might have a material bearing on the lender's potential security or its decision to lend

In other words, matters which could lead to the lender’s surveyor/valuer reconsidering the adequacy or otherwise of the value of the security to be taken from the client to secure the mortgage, or the ability of the lender to sell the property quickly should the mortgage be foreclosed, or the clients affordability to repay the loan.

Examples include:

The potential contamination of the land

Serious flood risk

Boundary issues

Client’s disclosure of redundancy or dismissal

Close proximity to HS2 route

Sub-sales or where the current owner has owned the property for less than 6 months.

So what happens should information come to a conveyancer’s knowledge which gives rise to a conflict of the interests between those of the client and those of the lender?

In these circumstances where the information is of a confidential nature, the conveyancer must either obtain the client’s consent to disclose the information, or decline to act for both parties.

The conveyancers ( defendant ) in  Mortgage Express Limited v Bowerman & Partners [1995] The Times, 1 August, were instructed to act for Mortgage Express Ltd and the prospective purchaser of a flat at Queensway, London, for the sum of £220,000.  Prior to exchange of contracts, the conveyancers discovered that the property was the subject of a sub-sale to the vendor which was to be completed contemporaneously with the purchase for £150,000. The lender had agreed to make a loan of £180,150 based on a valuation of £199,000.The conveyancers reported the sub-sale to the client who confirmed that he was prepared to accept the price as he wished to purchase this particular property.

The Conveyancers were satisfied with this response but did not inform the lender of the existence of the sub-sale. The lender satisfied the court that if it had been informed of the sub-sale, it would not have lent the purchase money to the purchaser, and alleged breach of duty and/or negligence on the part of the conveyancers.

At first instance, Mrs Justice Arden held that a conveyancer’s duty to his respective clients is to protect their respective interests when carrying out their instructions, and found that the conveyancer owed a duty of care to report to the lender the information he had about the sale price.

The Court went so far as to find that the solicitor is bound to take some action in relation to 'any information which puts him on enquiry as to the accuracy of the valuation' and that the failure to disclose any such information amounted to negligence.

On appeal, he Court of Appeal held that the information concerning the price and the existence of the sub-sale was not confidential to the client and was of equal importance to both clients, albeit for different reasons.

On the facts, the court held that the information might have led a reasonably competent solicitor to form the view that the information might have caused the lender to doubt the accuracy of its valuation and, as a consequence, the information ought to have been passed on to the lender. During the course of its judgment, the Court of Appeal re-affirmed the duties of a solicitor in circumstances where the information is of a confidential nature to the borrower.

The Court of Appeal added that it was not the solicitor's duty to comment on value, but to disclose information which might cause the lender to doubt the accuracy of the valuation.

Interestingly the suggestion was that if the difference between the sub sale price and valuation was not significant then there would not have been a duty on the conveyancer to report.  In my view and with reference to the requirements of the CML Handbook I consider it would be dangerous not to report even if there difference was only small.

Practical Implications

It is clear that a practitioner will need to make a judgment call to determine what information it receives could be regarded as confidential to the client and which is not.  If it is confidential ( e.g. loss of job) then the client’s consent will be required before reporting the information to the lender. If as in the above case it is not then there is no need to seek consent, though in practice the client should be alerted and warned that the reporting could lead to the withdrawal of the mortgage offer.

The situation can be helped through the inclusion of a provision in the conveyancer’s terms and conditions which gives the conveyancer express authority ( without further recourse to the client ) to disclose matters to a lender when a possible conflict arises. Even with the existence of such a clause it would still be advisable to make the client aware.

If in a conflict situation there is a clear instruction by the client not to disclose then the practitioner should decline to act for both clients straight away.

MJP Conveyancing are solicitors who provide legal advice and services to clients based in England and Wales and who can be contacted on 01603877067 or via email at davidp@mjpconveyancing.com